A Control Architecture For Energy Systems With Multiple-Energy Carrier Devices

As energy systems become increasingly complex with integrating multiple-energy carrier devices, there is a growing need for advanced energy management systems that can effectively coordinate and control the diverse elements within the system. This paper presents a novel architecture for energy management systems explicitly designed for energy systems with multiple-energy carrier devices. The proposed control architecture encompasses three distinct levels: the device level, the subsystem level, and the system level. Each level incorporates operation models that are the foundation for implementing use cases in operation targets. The overall concept combines a bottom-up and top-down approach, where operational goals are transferred from the upper to the lower levels and, conversely, the lower levels communicate state adjustments to their respective upper levels, enabling feedback based on the established goals. A unified input-output data exchange is introduced to increase the control architecture's applicability. The interaction between the individual levels of the control architecture makes it possible to implement use case-dependent operation targets. Their execution is carried out through dedicated operation models representing devices and logical control structures capturing state-change processes. This paper provides a comprehensive overview of the proposed control architecture by applying it to the energy system of the industrial research platform WAVE-H2, with multiple-energy carriers, heat, hydrogen, and electricity. This work highlights the proposed architecture's potential for adaptability regarding complex energy systems and facilitating efficient operation